Essay on enemy of the people - 2869 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen is a theatrical drama which portrays important characteristics such as honesty, integrity, and courage. All of which could be seen as hazardous to European politics at the time. Dr. Thomas Stockmann is a common man who attempts to create a revolution in his town. With the help of his naturally defiant personality the doctor makes a discovery that he hopes will better the town. This discovery was meant to lead a change in the physical structure of the water source. Instead it created a waterfall of political disaster. Despite numerous stabs in the back and lack of free-thinking, Dr. Stockmann stood tall and never backed down from what he believed in.†¦show more content†¦After the Mayor exits, the dinner party at the Stockmann’s continues. Thomas becomes very anxious about the mail and an awaited letter. His daughter Petra arrives with the letter, and explains that the postman handed it to her on her way o ut that morning. Dr. Stockmann is overjoyed to see its arrival, and excites his guests with the potential for big news. He takes the letter into his study to read privately. Meanwhile Petra, who is a teacher, gives her opinion regarding the problem with the school system, and that if she had the money she would start her own school where children would learn what was really important. Captain Horster shows his support in the new school, and offers Petra his father’s house to accommodate. Petra’s response shows a bit of foreshadowing as she politely thanks the Captain, but explains that nothing will ever come of it. Dr. Stockmann comes out of his room waving the letter, and proclaiming that the news will definitely have tongues wagging around town. All of the guests anxiously sit up to hear this long awaited news. Dr. Stockmann explains that his recent observation of patients getting sick with typhoid and gastric fevers made him curious, so he took samples of the water and sent them out to be tested. He held the results in his hand; results that proved the water to be contaminated and poisoned. The doctor had also discovered that the source ofShow MoreRelatedAn Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen: An Analysis1250 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Dr Thomas Stockmann is the central character of the play,  An Enemy of the People, written by Henrik Ibsen. He is an active medical doctor at the Baths and also has his brother, Peter Stockmann, as the mayor of the town. Stockmann has an optimistic and impulsive nature. In this play, Dr Stockmann finds out a grave health hazard in the Baths of the Norw egian town he is a dweller of. The Baths is being shown to draw in and attract people as a health resort. The officials are being warned by Dr StockmannRead MoreAn Enemy Of The People By Ralph Waldo Emerson903 Words   |  4 Pagesself contained and resist the influence of society. Dr. Stockmann’s actions in â€Å"An Enemy of the People,† reflect the ideas Emerson proposes. In the play, he challenged the authority of the town in a fight to rebuild the contaminated baths. It is clear that both Stockmann and Emerson are strong proponents of individualism. Stockmann claims that, â€Å"the strongest man is the one who stands alone,† [An Enemy of the People, Ibsen] and Emerson, â€Å"Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string†[Self-RelianceRead MoreHenrik Ibsens Expression of Beliefs in An Enemy of the People1715 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsens Expression of Beliefs in An Enemy of the People Henrik Ibsen, the controversial author of, An Enemy of the People, lived in an interesting point in history in which writing was a way of communicating your most radical ideas. An Enemy of the People is one of several Ibsen dramas that are sometimes referred to as problematic works because they are based on social problems and issues he has with the government. Examples of other controversial plays by Ibsen are The Wild Duck, A DollsRead More Evolution Within a People in A Dolls House and An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen756 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution Within a People in A Dolls House and An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen In all cultures it is easy to see the effects of change. Change can be a revolution, a new form of thought, or a new idea surfacing. No matter what these changes are, they often emerge from the minority. In several cases this results an uprising, turning the social system on end. Simple examples of this type of change can be seen in the French or American revolutions, and even in the hippie movement ofRead More Cruelty of Society in Frankenstein, Master Harold, and An Enemy of the People712 Words   |  3 Pagesand An Enemy of the People â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and the Boys, St. Joan, and An Enemy of the People show that society shows hate and cruelty to people who are different or who do not share similar ideas as other people do. For example, in â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and the Boys, Hally’s racist attitude toward Sam and Willie is a result of his experiences in society. In Frankenstein, society is cruel and hateful to the monster because he looks different than other people. In An Enemy of the People, societyRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of William Shakespeare s An Enemy Of The People 1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe defining point of a tragic play is its tragic hero. A tragic hero is the main character of a tragic play â€Å"†¦whose misfortune†¦ is brought upon him†¦by some error of judgement.† (Gwynn 11). In An Enemy of the People Dr. Stockmann can be considered the tragic hero. Analyzing the play as a whole will bring insight into this character’s tragedy, suc h as: characterization and the main conflict. Also to be discussed are some of the theories of drama: catharsis, transformation, reversal, recognition andRead MoreSpineless Citizens and Corrupt Politicians Illustrated in Ibsens An Enemy of the People503 Words   |  3 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s, An Enemy of the People, Ibsen presents the reader with a town on the brink of disaster. The tragic reality is that there is a cesspool underneath the spa, the town’s main economic asset and tourist attraction. Not only is the cesspool a danger to the economic health of the town, but it is also a danger to the health of the town’s citizens. The disaster the city faces is caused by the citizen’s unwillingness and inability of the city leaders to deal with the tragedy of the cesspoolRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Daystar And Enemy Of The People And Proof Are All Literature Pieces986 Words   |  4 Pagesrefers to a general consensus in regards to normality. Society generally sees normal as good and abnormal as bad. Someone being called â€Å"normal† or â€Å"abnormal† establishes social prejudices such as exclusions. Daystar, Speed of Dark, Frankenstein, Enemy of the People and Proof are all literature pieces that share a common theme of the impact mainstream society has on individuals. The theme of society’s perception towards mothers, disabilities, physical appearances and mental stability is portrayed throughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Daystar And Enemy Of The People And Proof Are All Literature Pieces Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesrefers to a general consensus in regards to normality. Society generally sees normal as good and abnormal as bad. Someone being called â€Å"normal† or â€Å"abnormal† establishes social prejudices such as exclusions. Daystar, Speed of Dark, Frankenstein, Enemy of the People and Proof are all literature pieces that share a common theme of the impact mainstream society has on individuals. The theme of society’s perception towards mothers, disabilities, physical appearances and mental stability is portrayed throughRead MoreBest Friend vs. Arch Enemy Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Arch Enemy Thesis: What a person in our society does not realize is relationships are very important aspects in life, but what most people fail to realize is you share a relationship with each person you come in contact with whether it is your best friend or arch enemy. Introduction As a child, you find two key important people in your life: your best friend and your arch enemy. Most people consider having a relationship is only with someone you like/ love. Which makes those people complete

Reflective Essay On Social Cognition - 1317 Words

People always say â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover†, especially when meeting new people. However, us being humans—social beings—judge people automatically, the instant that we meet them. Not only is this easy to do, but it also allows us to quickly determine whether we are interested in interacting with a person or not. Sometimes these judgements that we make based on physical appearance or first impressions may not be completely accurate, but a lot of the times, the judgements that are formed may be true. Social cognition— which â€Å"concerns how we think about the social world, our attempts to understand complex issues, and why we sometimes are less than ‘optimally rational’†Ã¢â‚¬â€is very important, especially when it comes to social interaction†¦show more content†¦I also noticed how well Danielle interacted with the customers in the fitting room. She genuinely seemed happy to help them choose outfits and to assist them with any concerns that they had regarding sizes and clothing material. While helping out the customers, Danielle also effortlessly tried to make conversations with the customers and they seemed to be enjoying her presence. From this observation, I immediately compared her with the prototype of extroversion. Extroverted people possess certain attributes such as openness to get to know other people, excessive talking, and friendliness—which is exactly what Danielle seemed to be. I also concluded that she had been a sales associate for a while, due to her expertise with interacting with customers and knowing the exact clothing sizes that the customers needed. My impression formation of Danielle was generally positive due to her because bubbly, enthusiastic personality, but as we spoke, I realized and confirmed that we only had a little bit of similarities. Not only was she a college student like I was, but she also had just started to work at LOFT that same week, whi ch made me feel glad that I was not the only new person and had someone that I could relate to. However, from what I had seen and from our conversation, I knew we wouldn’t interact that much at work, asides from a casual â€Å"hi† or â€Å"bye† and small talk due to our distinctive personalities—I am more of an introvert—and lack of similarities. Now that IShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Feelings in the Analysis of Belief: An Analysis1462 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Belief Essay Introduction When Jon Mitchell discusses belief in his essay, A Moment with Christ. The Importance of Feelings in the Analysis of Belief, he is sourcing belief as having three different modes of cognition (Mitchell, 1997, 77). A reader knows this essay will related to Christianity, and given the New Testaments messages and other input during ones life about believing in Jesus Christ and following his role model thesis, it is interesting to investigate what Mitchell reallyRead MoreChildren s Learning And Development1159 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive development Piaget The essay focuses on children’s learning and development. I will attempt to outline and discuss the fundamental theory of Jean Piaget who has established the foundation of childhood development. In particular I will discuss Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, Schemes, the pros and cons of his theory, the criticism of other academics in relation to Piaget’s findings and contrast them with my own observation and practice of childhood development. Jean Piaget wasRead MorePsychological And Physical Aspects Of Science1683 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors inescapably influence researchers and outcomes of scientific studies and knowledge in general (reference). This idea is reflective in philosophy by the term ‘situated knowers’ (Stamford), broadly explained by considering how the same object can be interpreted differently by others in terms of their individual relation to it. An explanation of an object is reflective of, but not limited to location in space and time, emotions, attitudes, cognitive approach, worldviews and childhood. UltimatelyRead MoreHow Creative A Person Is?1560 Words   |  7 Pages There are many methods used to measure how creative a person is, therefore, within this essay I will focus on a few methods by giving informative descriptions and providing a range of sources to back up these methods validity. Creativity is the ability to excel established ideas, rules, systems, relationships and to generate important new ideas, methods, explanations etc. The effectiveness of each measure of creativity effectively conducted in different experiments using different methods. The resultsRead MoreNursing Ethics : The Four Biomedical Principles Of Nursing1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing and exploring the four biomedical principles of nursing which refer to: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Specifically looking at autonomy I will further discuss and explain why I have chosen this principle, its value to good nursing practice and demonstrate its relation to mental health nursing, specifically dementia. Following this I will ad here to the conflicts that may impede its implementation in practice with autonomy, address the legal andRead MoreSocial Media Use Impact On Reflective Thought Essay2266 Words   |  10 PagesThe purpose of this research is to determine whether or not social media use impacts one s ability for what D.A. Norman refers to as reflective thought; that is, one s ability to think deeply by questioning and examining information (45). The research revolves around the following questions: Do we, as social media users, too readily accept what we read online, without challenging or questioning the thoughts of others? Or, does social media use encourage us to think reflectively through the propagationRead MoreThe Psychological Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture- Is Behavior Influenced By Innate Drives That We Are Born With1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes determine behaviour and to what degree. This essay centres around the fundamental psychological debate of nature versus nurture- is behaviour inf luenced by innate drives that we are born with (traits) or the environment around us (situations)? In order to get a true understanding of this debate it is important to explicitly establish what the key terms in this question mean: Pervin (1994) -Personality is the complex organisation of cognitions, affects, and behaviours that gives direction andRead MoreThe Five Major Psychotherapy Theoretical Frameworks2275 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay is based upon a study of my personal reflections, emotions and opinions of the five major psychotherapy theoretical frameworks that I have studied over a five week period as part of a postgraduate diploma in psychology: psychoanalysis; behaviour therapy; person-centred and humanistic therapies; cognitive behaviour therapy; and family therapy. The purpose is to assist in determining which framework is the best fit for me as a future therapist based on my personality, life experiences andRead MoreThe Term Social Justice1875 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Social Justice† has been defined in a variety of ways. Amongst them, accord ing to Tasmanian Centre for Global Learning (2011), they incorporate concepts of basic rights, the realisation of human potential, social benefit, a healthy planet, an equitable distribution of resources, equal opportunities and obligations, security, and freedom from discrimination. This essay will aim to discuss social justice and the historical perspective while incorporating key philosophical and socio-politicalRead MoreFINAL COM10003 Assessment 3 Honeyman 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The technology of social networking sites has established online collaboration tools and created opportunities for students to utilise the vast amount of communication tools for completion of their work. (Weaver et al., 2010). Throughout this unit I have developed skills to use and evaluate online sources of information not only for academic purposes but for social and personal interests too. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on my experiences from this unit by discussing how I have devel oped

Nell Free Essays

Nell, a 26-year-old single lady ends up deserted by her beau in Paris one day. The hotel where she booked her room at, she finds that the room she has saved has been twofold reserved and ends up imparting the space to an American lady. Since Nell is an uncertain lady, she feels tentative about remaining in Paris and thinks about returning home, yet she chooses to remain when she discovers two tickets to a craftsmanship appear, left behind by an American lady. We will write a custom essay sample on Nell or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the workmanship appear, Nell has a second experience with Fabian, a server and battling essayist whom she spilled her wine on the prior night. Discouraged over an ongoing separation and the loss of a large portion of his novel, that had been blown into the lanes of Paris the day preceding, Fabian winds up attracted to Nell when he recognizes her crying close to one of the canvases in the show. He approaches her out for an espresso, and she acknowledges. Here, the two associate sincerely and mentally, and Fabian requests that Nell go out with him that night to a bar where he is getting together with a couple of companions. Nell acknowledges. Before going out, Nell goes to a close-by shop and purchases another outfit since she needs to appear â€Å"Parisian.† At that point Fabian grabs Nell and takes her on a tornado voyage through Paris, and later they go to different bars, drinking and moving. They spend the whole night together, and they in the long run travel on the Seine, which is Fabian’s dad’s watercraft, the Rose de Paris. Fabian reveals to Nell that is father’s business is enduring, and Nell recommends another strategy for success for the vessel, one outfitted towards giving sentimental, modified visits. Toward the beginning of the day, Fabian attempts to give Nell a kiss however, the two are hindered by the custodian of Nell’s inn. Fabian asks Nell to supper. Meanwhile, Nell’s companions back in England have found that Nell’s beau, Peter, did not go on the outing since he needed to go out drinking with his companions. They constrain Peter on a plane that takes him to Paris. Nell spends her day strolling the boulevards of Paris with no specific arrangement, which is exceptionally bizarre, as she is generally extremely strict about making a motivation and adhering to it. Before coming back to the lodging she purchases the green dress. Later, Fabian picks her up and they begin strolling to a yard where Fabian has sitting tight for them a private supper with one of his companions dressed like a server. In transit, Nell got the telephone call that Peter is at the lodging. She pardons herself, and Fabian surmises that it is her boyfriend. At the hotel, Nell meets up with Peter, who is dressed carelessly and is hesitant to take Nell out to supper, expressing that he would want to have a snooze and room service. Nell is given a note by the attendant that clarifies that Peter had been constrained onto the plane by Nell’s companions. After perusing this, Nell leaves Peter. Nell makes up for lost time with Fabian at a bar and the two rejoin and have an awesome time. Toward the night’s end, they go to Fabian’s condo, where Fabian peruses a few pages from a diary Nell has brought along, and Nell peruses pages of Fabian’s novel. Fabian informs Nell regarding another original thought he has, which has a fundamental character fundamentally the same as Nell. Nell likes his thought then, they kiss, and Nell spends the night. Toward the beginning of the day Fabian strolls Nell home and they part without an arrangement to get together once more. A half year later, Nell gets an advancement at her activity. She is apathetic about it, and soon thereafter when she is giving an introduction to people keen on discovering work in her organization she closes the introduction by disclosing to them how dull corporate presence is. Later, Nell leaves the room, goes to the PC, and looks into Fabian’s dad’s watercraft. She finds that Fabian’s dad had utilized her thought and that the vessel has become extremely famous. Nell considers her mom on the telephone and advises her mother to meet her at the movement office. Nell goes to Paris and sheets Fabian’s dad’s boat, yet Fabian isn’t there. Nell discloses to Fabian’s dad how she had succumbed to Fabian, and Fabian’s dad calls Fabian. While orbiting the city, they discover Fabian looking out for one of Seine’s scaffolds, and he hops into the pontoon. He reveals to Nell that he has a distributor for Fabian’s new novel. Nell questions him on how it closures and he reveals to her he let the characters choose. The book closes with Nell revealing to Fabian the amount she constantly enjoyed cheerful endings. How to cite Nell, Papers

Factors Influencing Students Satisfaction-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Factors Attributes Influencing Students Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction Students satisfaction is important for developing their future and provides them proper educational system so that they can experiences quality education in their universities. The objective of the universities is to deliver empirical knowledge to students and filter their future studies for their development in studies. In an academic setting, students satisfaction helps colleges and universities to make more responsive need in academics and evaluate the performance of students. The purpose of the satisfaction is to provide better educational aspect for students and build them for future. Another purpose is related to the students learning curve and how they improve their standard of learning procedure is the most significant factor of this. In case of career preparation and the effective influence of current course is the most important aspect for students (Kauffman, 2015). The importance of students development is important in the context of relationship making with teachers and s tudents. The level of satisfaction is depending on the flexibility and quality of learning style and procedures. Their satisfaction is related to quality curriculum, gain knowledge and implement that knowledge in the right place so that in future they can address that knowledge. Students must appreciate the worth of their education and be pleased with their general understanding in order to endorse and support their higher educational institution as a student and as an alumnus. Satisfaction is an applicable determination because many studies have established that other aspects being equivalent, satisfied persons are likely to be eager to put forth more endeavor than unsatisfied individuals (Ali et al., 2016). Hence, before taking any kind of action, students likely access the educational quality of that place and experience a better understanding of the academics and then proceeding for the future actions. Factors and attributes influencing student satisfaction with the service quality of universities In case of higher education, individual development is important for creating more knowledge and innovate creativity in the learning process. Successful achievement and improvement of students learning are the major reasons for the continuation of higher educational institutions. This constructive development in higher education shows the significance of educational institutions considering student approval in a competitive atmosphere. Higher education strongly affects students future and students also trying to fulfill their need and expectations from the university (Akhlaghi, Amini Akhlaghi, 2012). So a relative connection between students experts must be connected in that scenario. In case of better service, providence perception clash and pleasurable fulfillment of service are the key issues that deliver quality knowledge and experience for students. Different dimension of Student satisfaction Students need certain multi-dimensional processes for evolvement in education. The processes actually help to learn style, procedure and deliver institutional facts that provide them good opportunities in future. There are some personal factors for personal and institutional factor. Age, gender, preferred learning style, employment, students GPA and quality instructions are the major issues that determine the level of satisfaction for students. As referred by Tessema, Ready Yu, (2012), the dimension has been set by students as per their adaptive quality, nature and the identified technology of their learning material. Students satisfaction depends on the course content also. Universities are trying to make a relationship with their students so that a financial aspect of the university also sustain. There are some factors of satisfaction and all these factors influenced better educational experience to students. Academy related factor, overall college experience, major course content , major course, a variety of school, a capstone experience, preparation for quality career and course availability in elective and major are some of the factors that influenced affecting nature that somehow satisfy the extent of student creditability. Student fulfillment in order to scrutinize responsibility exposure and self-improvement purposes across universities and colleges; some others have examined student fulfillment to establish if satisfaction ratings of college occasions and services are connected with the fulfillment of the overall college practice. At rest, others have investigated student satisfaction substances connected to issues such as student maintenance and attrition. According to Barbera, Clara Linder-Vanberschot, (2013), conceptualizing the student satisfaction and endure better quality of learning process implementing in the universities so in that case the curriculum related issues can be mitigated. The identified action and study process also encourage the situation in the university so a wide range of satisfaction needed for the campus section. Students want they get a good job at campus section, so a good level of knowledge and the regular attending class is the basic need of the student satisfaction. Several researchers have recognized and empirically experienced factors touching or that are associated with students contentment. As students satisfaction has been planned in a diversity of conduct by researchers, numerous factors have been examined that influence students satisfaction. Along with that, teaching aptitude, flexible syllabus, university position, and standing, independence, thoughtful of talent, student expansion and expansion, centeredness of students, campus environment, institutional efficiency and social situation have been recognized as major aspects of student satisfaction. As asserted by Sahin, (2014), quality feedback is also needed from the students and that feedback also encourages the quality analysis of university. Physical facilities along with the mental satisfaction required for students and that satisfaction comes from the variety of course and their teaching methods. In case of academic factors,these levels of satisfaction provide abetter outcome for students. Core subject choice of college and their in-course availability is the most depicting factor that provides theindividual level of satisfaction. There are some courses that offer easy attributes to students and positive segmentation of course offering is liable for that reason. Student satisfaction model This section is fully based on the models and applied framework of service quality management. The uplift situation of student education and involving a framework for developing the education system is the key prospect of encouraging students to gain better knowledge. Universities also take these responsibilities to develop the learning process for students and they process some innovative ways so that quality of service can be maintained by the university. There are five factors in Servqual model of service quality (Akhlaghi, Amini Akhlaghi, 2012). Reliability, assurance, responsibilities, tangibles, and empathy all these are related to the quality service and to generate the possible chances of better reading in a learning situation. Students satisfaction is also related to that delivered learning aspect that provides asatisfactory situation for students. This model is a service quality framework that evaluates the scale of quality in service sectors. Figure 1: Servqual Model (Source: Created by Author) In case of measuring, there are some ranges of the scale used in that section and that delivers measure perception ranging. As reliability scale determines 4 as highest, in case of assurance it becomes 5, tangibles in 4 and empathy in 5 and the last one responsibility in 4. So these are the possible highest rating the students can take acquire in that scale. Responsiveness is the key factor that develops prompt service to students and this kind of learning culture is there to make better student relation. Trust and assurance is another factor that conveys anextra bit of confidence and students will perform in such case as per their capability (Kim et al., 2012). Tangibles in communication, equipment, and in some personal reasons are the main factor and due to this situation sometimes physical facilities are neglected. Caring and individual attention is the major work that provides a firm declaration to students and they also feel the same level of individualized attention from studen ts. Some of the experts are reliable for students and for that reason students relying on those teachers. The measurement of students satisfaction can be addressed by the expected quality of their learning expertise (Yang,Becerik-Gerber Mino, 2013). Students have faced quite a few difficulties and for those difficulties, they have segregated their expectation from the teachers. If apparent presentation lags expectations considerably, the disparity will happen, and the deficit in the apparent presentation will be embroidered. Figure 2: The Satisfaction Function (Source: Created by Author) Learning organization has some expectations from students. If the quality and expectations are provided by students then the level of satisfaction also increases. But if the insecurities about performances are there then it is quite dissatisfactory for the learning institutions as well as for students. Satisfaction is declared as the subjective thing where the quality of product and service is the main issue. Customers also accept the fact and use that, in the same contrasting arena students also have this kind of situation where they want to match the level of quality or the value of their learning and most cases are there where students are not satisfied with their institutional or managerial work. In that particular situation, concepts and facts on the theoretical curve are there to understand the meaning of satisfaction function. Formation of service quality theory Satisfaction is the degree of performance or an adjustment of people emotion that encourage meeting their productivity and making a theoretical approach to satisfaction. There are three theories that need to be mentioned in that section like Assimilation theory, Contrast theory, and Assimilation-Contrast theory. Assimilation theory This theory is based on Festingers dissonance theory and the theory is a bit of comparison between expectation and product performance (Lyons, ReysenPierce, 2012). Consumers can also diminish the nervousness consequential from an inconsistency between opportunity and product presentation either by distorting potential so that they agree with professed product presentation or by raising the stage of approval by minimizing the comparative significance of the disconfirmation practiced. Contrast theory Contrast theory was first introduced by Hovland, Harley, and the sheriff and it completely based on the own attitudes that represent opinion or statements. Contrast theory demonstrates an optional observation of the consumer post-usage assessment procedure than was obtainable in assimilation theory in that post-usage understandings guide to consequences in conflicting predictions for the possessions of opportunity on fulfillment. This situation of the conflict theory not only applicable in the organization but also happen in case of students (Mokhlis Yaakop, 2012). The learning section is the most affecting scenario and the students expectation is high in that situation so a better experience is required in that situation to meet students satisfaction. Assimilation-Contrast theory There are numbers of shortcomings and argumentations are there in case of Assimilation-Contrast theory. Firstly, the approach declares the relationship between anticipation and satisfaction but does not identify how disconfirmation directs to either fulfillment or disappointment. Secondly, it also declares that consumers are aggravated adequate to fiddle with either their prospect or their perceptions about the presentation of the creation, this is quite natural in modern times also (Kauffman, 2015). There are some students who are creating aproblem for the institutions. It has found that scheming for definite product presentation can guide to a constructive relationship between anticipation and satisfaction. Consequently, it would emerge that disappointment could never happen except the evaluative processes was to start with unenthusiastic customer outlook (Chen, Yen Hwang, 2012). Though the outlook also changes persons contrast and showing the attitudes in communication, it is an attitude that leads into low ego involvement. There is aresponse that delivers judgment about the education system and learning. The contrast will come in that scenario as the learning style of every people is different so the understanding is also different and that impacted over students and they have different satisfaction level, in this process, conflict starts (Kahu, 2013). Students involvement and learning effects are the responsible factors for this. The ego involvement direction of communication and understanding of learning is the major aspect that needs to consider in that section and therefore it results in good effects for students in terms of better learning curve and that reflected on their performance. Course availability Recent changes in course are the most effective concern for students and they are paying more attention for this reason. The issues of quality and development are a complex concern for students and due to this reason they are concerning about their course and how this can be completed. The most important part of the course understanding is the experience and expectation of course outcome (Oliver, 2014). In case of experience if the student has any kind of experience then the learning process or manages the lesson in quick time is possible. On the other hand, expectations from those students who do not know about the lesson and they expect toform their teachers to analysis the subject properly so that they have a vivid understanding about the subject. If good universities are considered, then a unique nature of studying procedure is available. The crucial success of their understanding is depending on the information and teaching tactics. Overall satisfaction declares the skill, acces sibility and enthusiastic staffs enhancement in number and these are the concerning idea that provides high chances for the student's satisfaction. The accessibility and enthusiasm in learning outcomes are important and relevant in this prospect that students usually not habituated with the fact and not ensuring the better study process rather better infrastructure and the feedback from students can make a better scenario for classes. The marking criteria are an important aspect for students as they have to understand the understated point and they have to prepare for that particular session. This is the part of theassessment to get fair results in their exams. In case of competitions, course selection and justify those course with their capability is the prime focus for students and they have to justify that with their marks. Some of the courses are very easy to analyze, understanding and the implementation for those course in the practical arena to define the meaning is very easy (Woodall, Hiller Resnick, 2014). Whereas, there are so many tasks those have o such references and experts view understanding is the only way to define that task. In that scenario, course selection and analyze the course in a right manner is essential and important for the students. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that learning procedures and students satisfaction are an inter-related and quality of the study is the most important aspect in this regards. With the expansion of learning, the significance of students fulfillment was evolved in the literature of higher learning. At the establishment, Students satisfaction models were used to clarify student agreement and later urbanized learning based models to clarify it. The paper was analyzed about the speculative and experiential literature of learning with the seeking matter of attractive obtainable stock of information. The notional review proved that happiness is an emotional procedure and is exaggerated by many aspects in diverse settings. The issues and programs are very important in that segment so as the different models explain the literary view and knowledge and factors to improve the scenario of students satisfaction. In case of responsiveness of students, they define their process in satisfaction but mo st of the cases the administrative curriculum enhances the quality of satisfaction and enrich the way of learning for students. References Akhlaghi, E., Amini, S., Akhlaghi, H. (2012). Evaluating educational service quality in technical and vocational colleges using SERVQUAL model.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,46, 5285-5289. Ali, F., Zhou, Y., Hussain, K., Nair, P. K., Ragavan, N. A. (2016). Does higher education service quality effect student satisfaction, image and loyalty? A study of international students in Malaysian public universities.Quality Assurance in Education,24(1), 70-94. Barbera, E., Clara, M., Linder-Vanberschot, J. A. (2013). Factors influencing student satisfaction and perceived learning in online courses.E-learning and Digital Media,10(3), 226-235. Chen, S. C., Yen, D. C., Hwang, M. I. (2012). Factors influencing the continuance intention to the usage of Web 2.0: An empirical study.Computers in Human Behavior,28(3), 933-941. Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education.Studies in higher education,38(5), 758-773. Kauffman, H. (2015). A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with online learning.Research in Learning Technology,23(1), 26507. Kauffman, H. (2015). A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with online learning.Research in Learning Technology,23(1), 26507. Kim, C., Galliers, R. D., Shin, N., Ryoo, J. H., Kim, J. (2012). Factors influencing Internet shopping value and customer repurchase intention.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,11(4), 374-387. Lyons, A., Reysen, S., Pierce, L. (2012). Video lecture format, student technological efficacy, and social presence in online courses.Computers in Human Behavior,28(1), 181-186. Mokhlis, S., Yaakop, A. Y. (2012). Consumer choice criteria in mobile phone selection: An investigation of malaysian university students.International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities,2(2), 203-212. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Sahin, O. (2014). An Investigation of Student Satisfaction Factors.Journal of Research in Business and Management,2(6), 8-1. Tessema, M. T., Ready, K., Yu, W. (2012). Factors affecting college students satisfaction with major curriculum: Evidence from nine years of data.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(2), 34-44. Woodall, T., Hiller, A., Resnick, S. (2014). Making sense of higher education: Students as consumers and the value of the university experience.Studies in Higher Education,39(1), 48-67. Yang, Z., Becerik-Gerber, B., Mino, L. (2013). A study on student perceptions of higher education classrooms: Impact of classroom attributes on student satisfaction and performance.Building and Environment,70, 171-188.

The Analysis of a Photo

The article written by Sydney Smith (Smith, 2013) is aimed at discussing the fake photographs posted by a Chinese news agency called Xinhua. This organization published a picture depicting a Chinese politician on the cover of Time Magazine. The main problem is that this person was never featured in this publication.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Analysis of a Photo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This image is an edited version of the real Time Magazine cover. Originally, this image showcased Jack Abramoff who is a prominent lobbyist (Smith, 2013). It should be mentioned that Xinhua was responsible to posting other fake photographs (Smith, 2013). On the whole, this incident attracts close attention of many journalists because it gives rise to many questions about the ethical aspects of such practices. It is possible to identify two important players in this situation. First of all, one should speak ab out the news agency Xinhua which is supposed to inform the readers about the most current events. Secondly, it is important to speak about the Chinese government which strives to control mass media in order to ensure their strategies do not come under criticism. These are the main actors that should be identified. To a great extent, the activities of Xinhua could be driven by the policies of the government. Overall, one can say that that Xinhua is committed to the goals that the Chinese government pursues. This news agency strives to highlight that the state really makes significant achievements. The fake photograph was aimed at showing that Chinese policy-makers were recognized by foreign media. To some degree, this case indicates that in some cases, this organization can adopt unscrupulous methods in order to make their arguments more convincing. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified since it is vital for understanding the motives which could have influenced the d ecisions of Chinese journalists. In this case, the main value of Xinhua is the devotion to ideology developed by the communist government of China. One cannot argue that this organization attaches importance to such things as impartiality, integrity, or willingness to present an accurate assessment of the main events. This is one of the main issues should be taken into consideration. One can argue that this action can hardly be called ethical because people, who created this photograph, deliberately misinformed its audience. This incident cannot be regarded as a mere factual or logical error that can be attributed to a mere coincidence or lack of attention.Advertising Looking for case study on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, one can speak about deliberate falsification which is not permissible for the representatives of mass media. This is one of the details that should be considered. This principle is derived from the ethical standards set for journalists. According to them, a journalist should be unbiased in his/her presentation of the main facts (Kittross, 2011, p. 254). Furthermore, this professional should not twist facts so that they could fit his/her ideology or values. This is one of the main pitfalls that should be avoided. This analysis suggests that mass media can easily misrepresent facts or ideas. Such situations are widespread in those countries in which journalists are strongly dependent on the state. Very often, they present a falsified version of the events. The case discussed in this paper exemplifies some of the techniques that journalists can adopt in effort to mislead the audience. Reference List Kittross, J. (2011). Controversies in Media Ethics. New York: Routledge. Smith, S. (2013). Oops, Chinese News Media Publish Fake Photo of Bogus Time Magazine Cover. Retrieved from https://www.imediaethics.org/oops-chinese-news-media-publish-fake-photo-of- bogus-time-magazine-cover/?new This case study on The Analysis of a Photo was written and submitted by user Ember Waller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethics of Nursing Essay Sample

Ethics of Nursing Essay Sample Ethical Dilemma in Nursing Essay Nursing is a profession that is concentrated on the ability of a person to improve their skill in applying their roles and responsibilities to provide care for the patient. This means that the nurse is always available to ensure that proper care has been applied to the patient using the ideal standards of nursing principles. As a nurse, you are responsible for the prognosis of the patient to track their health condition while seeking treatment to the hospital. This is an important consideration because every patient has the right to receive a proper medical attention and treatment to any health care institution. As a patient, they also have the right to live a longer life, which is why they seek medical treatment and rehabilitation to prolong their longevity. Nursing is one of the most challenging professions in our society because practitioners need to follow the proper standards of care in either the hospital or community setting. This is because ethics play an important role in the professional practice of ever nurse in our community. Nurses often commit negligence, which is the most common offense applied in the hospital or in the community setting while providing treatment to patients. An example of this is a wrong medication, wrong patient, wrong route, and accidents during a treatment procedure due to lack of assessment. When nurse commits errors such as negligence, patients usually suffer another form of injury aside from their present condition of medical illness. As a result, the life of the patient is challenged because they have been compromised by the nurse that should have been the right person to provide treatment to relieve signs and symptoms of the disease or disability. In nursing ethics, veracity is often applied because all patients should be treated with fairness while addressing their health concerns. There are nurses who failed to abide by the rules by failing to practice diversity towards the patients. Nurses are sometimes denying access to health care to patients because of their sexual orientation and race. Professional malpractice is also committed by nurses when they practice certain procedures towards the patient in order to improve their skill while compromising the health of the patients. As a result, the patient suffers from complications, especially when an accident happens during a procedure such as inserting a nasogastric tube. Patients trust all nurses when they are going to seek medical treatment at the hospital or during a community mission to provide health care services to a certain number of populations. Patients usually file for criminal complaints against the nurse whenever they feel that they were neglected. This is especially for patients who sustained injuries when they sought medical treatment at the hospital. As a result, the license of nurses has been revoked because they were proven guilty after the hospital conducted a thorough investigation into the matter. Hospital institutions who were involved in an ethical malpractice when their health care workers were responsible for causing damage or injuries to the patients, the license to operate can be compromised. The worst-case scenario for nursing ethics is when the patient died from injuries because nurses were unable to provide the rightful care while they were on duty. Former nurses who have their licenses revoked have to find a way to continue their productivity by searching for new jobs that are not associated with their former nursing practice (Gastmans, 2013). Reference Gastmans, C. (2013). Dignity-enhancing nursing care: A foundational ethical framework.  Nursing Ethics.  SAGE Publications.  20  (2): 142–149.

Case study for entrepreneurship and small business course

For entrepreneurship and small business course - Case Study Example The source of Lugar’s startup idea is his participation in his mother’s garage sale. Even though he took part in the garage sale to assist his mother, he eventually realized that many more people would be interested in the same service he offered his mother. In this respect, being part of a garage sale actually gives Lugar his startup idea. At a personal level, this startup concept is worth giving a try. There are a number of supporting observations in Lugar’s idea. First, garage sales lack key business principles and underpricing or overpricing is highly likely. Secondly, marketing is critical as far as sales are concerned. The need to reach out to the target market validates Lugar’s idea. Most importantly, sales are just as successful as marketing. Lugar’s idea addresses these concerns and further provides a mechanism for effective pricing. Finally, the concept is potentially

Target market of wine coolesrs in argentina Essay

Target market of wine coolesrs in argentina - Essay Example They are the teenagers who like to drink such wine coolers so that they can look cool, trendy and hip. It is essentially a style statement that they like to carry with them so that they can be taken as lively and attractive at all times. The focus for the wine cooler business should therefore rest on individuals who like to move ahead with life on the go. They are exploring new things, finding novel pathways and understanding the intricacies related with style and comfort. Within Argentina, the target market would include both male and female drinkers since they are within the teenager category. They like to drink such wine coolers so that they can be considered ‘in’ and trendy more than any other opinion that can be made out of them. The target market therefore is very essential to estimate before the business can be opened up and the people are offered the wine coolers for their purchase. If the primary target market is analyzed and locked upon properly within Argentina, it is always easier to know what the secondary and tertiary target markets would be for the sake of the wine cooler business. Since the wine coolers do not fall essentially under the category of the wine itself, they can be drunk by individuals who are not into hard drinks. This is the reason why people who are not into drinking can be taken as the right target market, and hence all out efforts could be made to sell the wine cooler products towards them (Author Unknown, 2011). The business would then be narrowed down in terms of finding and then sending the wine coolers to the exact target audiences. There would be minimal wastage which is any business’ dream in this day and age. In the past as well, wine coolers have been made at home so the element of starting a new business could be seen as something that can take place at a very low level. The important thing is to know the exact target market so that the wine

Article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Article summary - Essay Example The author argues that Moliere satirizes both the protagonist and the society that he is a part of, seeking to bring in an element of moderation in reform (Rudin, 309). According to Rudin, the argument that Rousseau put forward indicated the ineptness of the critique of the protagonist in so much so that he appeared to be, at the end, at one with very society that he was critiquing. Apart from this, he appeared to be, right from the beginning, a caricature of an extreme form of idealism that was the subject of the comedy that the audience is supposed to laugh at. The Comedy of Manners is something that he becomes a part of through the laughter that he evokes (Rudin, 311). There are however, according to Rudin, devices, in the form of characters and otherwise, that Moliere employs so as to make the play a critique of both the society and the protagonist. Through these devices, the author is able to propose a middle path that would lead to a society that could then probably not be as dishonest and materialistic as the one that the plays talks of. The foils in the play, Philinte and Eliante are two devices that the playwright uses for the purpose of showing how it is possible to lead a life that is not entirely at odds with the society but also in accordance with certain rules of it. Eliante leads a life that is unacceptable to the protagonist, Alceste. However, he is in love with her and this love reveals an opportunity for his moving back to the society (Rudin, 312). Rudin points to the fact that for different eras, the way Alceste is perceived has been different and for the people of Moliere’s era, he was looked upon as a funny caricature while he was looked at as a hero who fought against the entire world of vice, by the Romantics (like Rousseau). He advocates a mixed response that may be possible for contemporary critics and viewers of the

The Mission And Vision Of British Airways Business Essay

The Mission And Vision Of British Airways Business Essay British Airways is one of the oldest and the most reputed airlines functioning in the world. It was started on 1st September in the year 1974. It is the official airline of the United Kingdom. It is owned by the government of the United Kingdom but it is run by private firms. It is also known as BA. It was formed by the merger of four airlines they are The British Overseas Airlines Corporation (BOAC), The British European airways (BEA), Cambrian Airways and finally the Northeast Airlines this took place on 31st march 1974. Thus BA was formed. It was one of the few prestigious airline to fly the Concorde the supersonic passenger plane. It has a large fleet of 239 aircrafts. It flies to 300 destinations. It employees 42,755 employ . It is a public limited company also listed on the London stock exchange. The main headquarters of BA are Heathrow airport and Gatwick airport both are situated in London. It is also a star alliance member. The total revenue earned by BA in the year 2010 was  £7,994 million. Mission And Vision:- Visi Fig1.1 Mission, Vision, goals, objective cycle It is defined as A mission describes the organization basic function in society , in terms of the product and services for its customer -Mintzberg The above definition explains how important a mission is for a organization as it helps in building its own image in front of the customer that it wishes to give services to. It maybe a just a sentence but it creates a image in the mind of the reader what the organization is made up of. It also helps to give the brand a competitive edge as the mission statement will help in showing the uniqueness of the brand. The mission statement of British Airways is as follows One Destination seeks to ensure our customers fly confident that, together, we are acting responsibly to take care of the world we live in. BA mission statement on reading creates a mindset that they always be safe on ground or in air and they want the customer to feel safe and confident when they fly British airways. They have also maintained their mission statement as they have least accident history and they always have new fleets and always updated with latest technology. Values:- Organizational values define the acceptable standards which govern the behaviour of individuals within the organization. Without such values, individuals will pursue behaviours that are in line with their own individual value systems, which may lead to behaviours that the organization doesnt wish to encourage. Thus values are very important for the organisation for achieving the vision that it aims for(Value of Organizational value)(http://www.teal.org.uk/mat/page6.htm)(accsed on 22ndApril 2011) The values of BA are as follows:- OBJECTIVE:- Objectives are normally quantified statements of what the organisation actually intends to achieve over a period of time. According to Mintzberg (1997), Business Enviourment; Viva books. He says that objective help the organisation to conduct activities that will help in acquiring the mission of the organisation. He also says while forming a the objective the organisation must use the SMART technique. The objective should contain these points. Fig 1.2 SMART Objective The objective of BA is as follows:- Fig 1.3 Objective of BA 1.b) Evaluate the extent to which an organization achieves the objectives of three stakeholders. The individual or groups who have interest in how a organisation performs because they have some stake in it and thus it affects them in someway. In the modern world they are mainly of two types which include primary and secondary stakeholders (Stokes D., (2002) Small Business Management (4th edition) Thomson Publications: UK.) The primary and secondary stakeholder of BA have a effect on the airline as they are somehow related to the organization. Thus in the table below the author has shown how both of these can affect the airline Stakeholders General Interest Influence Shareholders .A Steady flow of revenue .Should be well informed about the risk and plans .Continuation of Business -Exercising ones right to vote -Checking the annual book as well as the statements. -To defend against wrong issues Managers .Pay and Status .Job Security .Job Satisfaction -Growth of the organisation -Participating to improve the organisation with recommendations Employees .Job Security .Pay and Condition .Job Satisfaction -The union may go on strike -Exposure Customers .Receiving goods and services of a reasonable quality .Receive optimum level of services .Great value for money paid -Choosing other airline over BA -Bad impression about the airline -Not using it services Suppliers .Being paid promptly for the goods and services delivered .Receiving regular repayment of the capital provided -Not delivery the Services on time. -Serving competitors Government and General Public .The organisation is meeting the relevant legal requirements .Social welfare of public is protected .Helping the nation and public to progress -Licenses, law and permits -Strict laws against them -Social activist -Boycott or appreciate the company. Fig 1.4 Shareholders their interest and influence All the organisation in the world to run smoothly and efficiently need to satisfy its stakeholders as they have a stake in the organisation which can affect the organisation in both good and bad ways as shown in the table above. Thus British airways is no exception even they have tried to meet the satisfaction of the stakeholders so as to progress more and achieve their targets. Below are given the instances where British airways have satisfied its stakeholders Employees they are the most important part of the organisation for the smooth and progressive functioning of the organisation. As BA is a large organisation hence it employs a large no of employees whos need and wants he need to caters. Thus BA has done many changes like improving the workplace where they function reasonable working hours were allotted to them then they have also introduced various crew programme which help them improve the safety of themselves as well as the customer. BA has also started recruiting people from all over the globe so as to maintain a equality among the employees. Their wages are also improved compared to what they were paid earlier some changes were done by BA for some the union had fought to get it done Society are a major concern for organisation like BA because if society is not benefited from them they wont allow smooth functioning of the airline for the same reason BA has contributed a lot towards society by giving them employment in the firm also setting up various NGOs to help the underprivileged society also contributing some amount towards charity. They have even started cutting down their co2 gases by using much more fuel efficient engines as well as machines used at the airport thus contributing o save the enviourment. Customers are the important part for the organisation to progress because e if customers arent there then who will the airline serve and earn money from. As BA is in the service industry they need to take good care of their customers so as to improve their image as well as their market standings. For the same they have improved their economy class cabin by improving the quality of service provided also they have introduced the programme known as CUSTOMER KING which is for the first and business class travellers. They have also increased their security standard so to increase the safety of their passengers. Q.1c) Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them? Social Responsibility of an organisation may be defined as the obligations that the organisation has towards the people and the enviourment in which the business functions. In other words the corporate social responsibility is a process where the organisation can improve its functioning in outdoor as well as indoor processes so as to increase the vision, improvement and add competitive advantage to the company. BA has to maintain the business ethical criterion responsibly they also known the importance of their stakeholders and hence they follow the regulation so as to protect the social, environmental, financial, and economical of the stakeholders. In order to complete these aspects BA follows all the legislation laws and rules laid down for safety, employment and other such stakeholder related aspects. By following these laws and jurisdiction BA shows loyalty towards the corporate social responsibility as a business should show. Below are given few social responsibility that British airways follows and tries to do the needful for it (Corporate responsibilities (2007) one destination [online] (updated on 2010) Available at: http://www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-corporate-responsibility/public/en_gb?link=main_nav [Accessed 15th may 2011]. Environmental Protection Act:- BA has started to contribute a lot towards helping in saving the enviourment the reason being that there have been more strict rules by the government in recent years so to implement those and also create a healthy enviourment they have taken various steps in help protecting the enviourment The steps taken are as follows:- Fig 1.5 Enviourment Protection Act Safety and Security Act:- British airways are known for their stringent security measure that they follow. The safety of the passenger and crew are their highest priority. BA also follows the most advanced and sophisticated machinery in their services so as to assure the passenger that they are in safe hands. They also have a outstanding record in safety and security flied. Fig 1.5 Safety and Security Measures Employees Act:- The staff of a company are those people who work for a particular organisation or a industry, but apart from that they are a part of a large society where the organisation functions. The first labour law in Britain was made in 1974 for the people or employees of and organisation. The law consisted of various aspect that would help the employee to feel secured and satisfied in the workplace. Some of the laws were Self Organisation, Collective Bargains, To work what is suitable to employee, and job security. Thus BA follows these rules laid down by the government and also supports it. So as to keep the employees happy and smooth running of the organisation. 2.)Using PESTLE and any management tool you are familiar with evaluate the impact of macroeconomic policy measures and the influence of the global economy on British Airways and its stakeholders? PESTLE Policy Implications On BA Political Heavy Regulation (AEA,2009) Increased Security due to past terrorist attacks(DFT,2009) .Compliance is necessary if BA wants to continue operations .Enough security measure should be undertaken to maintain the competitive advantage and beliefs in consumers Economic -Economic Crisis the growth projected at only 2%in 2009(IMF,2008) -Pounds weakens against Euro Fluctuations of oil prices .Possible decline in the business travel as companies are using alternate methods like telephone conferencing. .BA will face poor exchange rate as well as due to the fluctuation it will affect their cost base as the rate they might get for the currency might get low Social The population in UK is ageing given by national statistics. Due to recession there is increased unemployment .This a great opportunity for BA as older generations have more money and time to spend. Technological New technologies regarding the fleet and improvement and addition to the fleet The number of people using e-check in has increased a lot .As there are new aircrafts coming in the market BA should keep its fleet updated with these machines .BA should keep itself updated so as to remain in the competition Environmental/ Ethical Expansion of its main terminal is difficult because it comes under Londons green belt area Consumer are aware of what are the effects of air travel as they are increasingly becoming more green. BA has to convert limited space into full utilisation of the capacity that it has BA has to adopt to all its environmental strategies to keep the consumer with them Legal Collusion and Fixed Pricing Open skies Agreement(AEA,2009) Restriction on having mergers will affect their alliance with American airlines .BA has a great opportunity of transferring aircrafts between him and America Fig 2 Pestle on BA (www.scibd.com) The other macroeconomic policy that can effect BA are as follows:- -Monetary Policy in the UK is concerned with the decision of rate of interest and the supply of money in the economy. The one who controls the interest rate in the UK are the Bank of England Monetary Policy committee. The current rate decided by the bank of England is around 2.0% . If they decide to increase the rate then it wont be feasible for BA to borrow loans from them as they will have to pay very high interest rate thus they wont benefit from it. But if they lower the rates then BA can borrow from the bank and achieve their objective much quickly. -Exchange Rate Policy is handled by the government. The exchange rate is controlled by how much amount of gold and foreign exchange currency do they have in reserve in the central bank. The rate is even altered when the interest rates go higher or lower. If the exchange rate is high then BA will benefit as the goods it will buy will be cheaper as the currency they using will be higher and thus they can make profits. But if it goes down then BA will face losses as the things that were cheap will became expensive and they will have to increase the air fares which will see a decline in their sales. These are some policy that the author think can BA . All the organisations in the world are affected by the social economic and enviourment factors globally. As BA is a large organisation operating in more than 300 countries hence it has to fulfil and satisfy all its stakeholder. Britains economy policy affects a lot of organisation below is given their policies that influence them Government Organisations Overall Economic Policy -Market Demand -Cost of Finance -Taxation Industry Policy -Protection vs Free trade grants, -Incentives, Sponsorship Regulation eg:- Investor protection, company law, entry barrier, capacity Social Policy -Work Place regulation, -Employment Law -Labour Supply -Skills, Education Foreign Policy -Trade promotion -Export Credits EU and WTO obligations -Export promotion to allies Environmental and infrastructure Policy -Distribution Fig 2.2 Economic Policies of UK Social Welfare policy which BA follows are it has introduced work place regulation which enables its employees to work freely in the workplace as they have been given high level of training which helps them to do their work with much ease and perfection as well. The safety standard used by BA is also very high and the crew are also given sufficient amount of rest and training to function effectively. BA also has normal working standard and all the aspect that are included in the employment law. The employees are also given a lot benefits which include perks, pension, maternity allowance, social fund as well as other benefits which help make their private life better as well. These are some of the policy that BA follows towards its employees 3.) Explain whether the problems facing the British airways can be found in a planned economic system and discuss whether the economic system in which the BA operates allocates resources better. Different nations of the world use different approaches or types of economic system. The core of the economic problem is infinite desires versus limited assets. The study of economics is basically how nations allocate their resources in the best way so as to maximize the productility and services to fulfil the satisfaction of wants. In modern economies there are various ways of dealing with scarcity. The various kinds of economy are as follows:- Fig3.1The different types of economic systems (BPP, Learning media, (2007) Business essentials: Business environment (3rd edition) viva books Pvt ltd: London) The economy followed by Britain is a mixed economy because there is a balance between the market forces and the state interventions. The advantages of mixed economies are any one can set up a business and choose what to produce and even set their own cost. Even though they pay taxes they reap benefits through social programmes. The disadvantages of mixed economy are many business find it difficult to find a market for their products also they cant control the taxes they pay, merchants always complain that they are very high.(http://www.blurtit.com/q917361.html) accessed on 14th may 2011) In mixed economy the decisions of resources provision would somewhat depend upon the forces of supply and demand curve and it might also depends on the aims and the objectives of the firm. BA after privatization faced a lot of changes as after the merger BA had changed some of its rule and accepted a few of the other airlines rule. It even started to fly to more international destination once the demand for that increased. Because of this reason their whole allocation shifted from one firm to anther and from domestic to international. Because BA is in a mixed economy there is always a chance of growth as the private firms will help them, Also BA has to complete all the requirements that are jotted down by the stakeholders or even the government. But as of now BA is fulfilling all the criteria that are laid down by the government as well as also helping the airline to grow as much as it can. Thus Mixed economy helps BA to allocate its resources better than any other economy would have. 4.) State the market in which the British Airways operate and discuss whether it is easy to merge in that type of market (regulatory environment implication etc)? The level and amount of competition faced by the firms varies a great deal. There are many types of market and no market is similar to each other in some single firms dominate in other there might be a lot of competition for the same product or service. The market structures that the firms operate are different from each other. Figure 4.1 The Different market structures. Perfect competition:- When there are many people in the market, and other condition are such , that no one can influence the price, all other things being equal. This occurs when there are lots of sellers and lots of buyers and nobody can have any effect on the total quantity for sale or the total amount that the buyers want. There is a freedom in the entry and exit of the industry. Monopoly:- When there is only one supplier for a product or service in a market we call that as monopoly market. The business owns a key source for which substitute is very hard to find. The pricing of the product is decided by the firm itself. Duopoly:- It is a market were two sellers compete with each other for a homogenous good . The output of the firm is believed to be fixed. The example can be If BA lowers its transatlantic fares then how will virgin react to it? It is a case between competition ad monopoly. Oligopoly:- When there are a few large suppliers, whose business decisions affect each other they are said to be in oligopoly market. The example that author has chosen is from the airline industry as he can link it to BA. Suppose if BA was to lower their airfare for a particular sector on which even virgin flies then to be in the competitive race even virgin will have to lower its prices. Thus in oligopoly market if one makes a decision then it has to effect the other. New firms cant enter this market as it requires huge amount of investment. This lowering of prices of both the companies is known as price wars. Competition Commission;- The competition commission is an self-governing public body established by competition Act 1998. It replaced the monopolies and Mergers Commission with a superior power to take authoritarian actions or measures in the closure of the company. BPP, Learning media, (2007) Business essentials: Business environment (3rd edition) viva books Pvt ltd: London). This body mainly makes sure that no organisation should form merger or cartels with each other to convert the market from oligopoly to monopoly market. 5.)Explain whether the British airways have benefited from international business/trade and the European Union. What will be the business implication to the BA, if the UK, joins the European Monetary Union (EMU). International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. An import is the UK purchase of a good or service made overseas. An export is the sale of a UK made good or service overseas. BA is a international airline which operates in more than 300 destination. It operates in continents Asia, Europe, America etc. As BA being a British company it has chosen Europe as its global market. One of the reason being that it is the member of the European union. BA has benefited from international trade big time for many of the events like given below:- -There is free trade of aircraft between BA and American airlines hence they can upgrade their fleet without paying the duties -The land cost in Britain is very high compared to rest of Europe hence they use to set up big factories which they need at places where the land is cheap. -The labour in many parts of Europe is also very cheap compared to Britain. -The currency they use is accepted all over Europe and hence they dont even lose any money on exchange rate. -The raw material which is needed by BA is obtained at much cheaper rate from European countries These are some of the benefits that BA has by doing intenational trade with the European union members. Fig5.1 Trading benefits with Europe

Is the System Awash? :: essays research papers fc

Is the System Awash?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most Americans are unaware of the problems of the poor, it is hard to imagine the challenges of poverty, the daily fears of victimization or the frustration of not being able to provide for a child. These central ideas along with many others have plagued the United States’ economy for most of its history. What do we do with the poor? Who are they and what can we do to help them? Well the answer is a mix between individuality with a strong relativity to the central government. It is here that we find our argument and it is here that we find ourselves at bay with many sensitive subjects. I believe that it is the government’s responsibility to provide for the nation, but it is up to the individual whom is given to, to make a difference with what is given to them. With such problems as minimum wage, unemployment and little to no affordable housing it is hard for the poverty stricken individual to gain some if any ground at all in their quest to rise up out of the bonds of d estitution. There needs to be a â€Å"battle plan† if you will to attack this issue of poverty head on. It is here that my plan comes into effect. Many propose simply giving them some sort of aid in food or money and being done with it, what I propose is that you give a little and they take it much further than what was originally thought possible. It is not simply the act of supporting them for the rest of their lives, it is the act of providing a strong foundation for which they can build upon. An outstanding quote from a man by the name of William McDonough states (chair of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York), â€Å"Issues of equity and social cohesion are issues that affect the very temperament of the country. We are forced to face the question of whether we will be able to go forward together as a unified society with a confident outlook or as a society of diverse economic groups suspicious of both the future and each other.†(Collins, Leondar and Sklar 280)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a broad view the general public knows not of the hardships that a part of the country goes through each day. I had the opportunity to go to college in Kentucky my first year of schooling.

ABC Manufacturing Company Essay

The ABC Manufacturing Company is a metal working plant under the direction of a plant manager who is known as a strict disciplinarian. One day a foreman noticed Bhola, one of the workers, at the time-clock punching out two cards his own and the card of Nathu, a fellow worker. Since it was the rule of the company that each man must punch out his own card, the foreman asked Bhola to accompany him to the Personnel Director, who interpreted the incident as a direct violation of a rule and gave immediate notice of discharge to both workers. The two workers came to see the Personnel Director on the following day. Nathu claimed innocence on the ground that he had not asked for his card to be punched and did not know at the time that it was being punched. He had been offered a ride by a friend who had already punched out and who could not wait for him to go through the punch-out procedure. Nathu was worried about his wife who was ill at home and was anxious to reach home as quickly as possible. He planned to take his card to the foreman the next morning for reinstatement, a provision sometimes exercised in such cases. These circumstances were verified by Bhola. He claimed that he had punched Nathu’s card the same time he punched his own, not being conscious of any wrongdoing. The Personnel Director was inclined to believe the story of the two men but did not feel he could reverse the action taken. He recognized that these men were good workers and had good records prior to this incident. Nevertheless, they had violated a rule for which the penalty was immediate discharge. He also reminded them that it was the policy of the company to enforce the rules without exception. A few days later the Personnel Director, the Plant Manager, and the Sales Manager sat together at lunch. The Sales Manager reported that he was faced with the necessity of notifying one of their best customers that his order must be delayed because of the liability of one department to conform to schedule. The department in question was the one from which the two workers had been discharged. Not only had it been impossible to replace these men to date, but disgruntlement over the incident had led to significant decline in the cooperation of the other workers. The Personnel Director and the Sales Manager took the position that the discha rge of these two valuable men could have been avoided if there had been provision for onsidering the circumstances of the case. They pointed out that the incident was costly to the company in the possible loss of a customer, in the dissatisfaction within the employee group, and in the time and money that would be involved in recruiting and training replacements. The Plant Manager could not agree with this point of view. â€Å"We must have rules if we are to have efficiency; and the rules are no god unless we enforce them. Furthermore, if we start considering all these variations in circumstances, we will find ourselves loaded down with everybody thinking he is an exception. † He admitted that the grievances were frequent but countered with the point that they could be of little consequence if the contract agreed to by the union was followed to the letter

A Separate Piece essays

A Separate Piece essays In the novel A Separate Peace, friendship plays an important role in Genes stay at Devon. Genes relationships with Finny, Brinker, and Leper are the ones that had the most significant impact on him. The friendship between Gene and Finny was extremely complex. At some points, you think that they are undoubtedly best friends, like when Gene and Finny had just jumped from the tree, and Finny stated, Its just you and me pal. Other times it seemed as though they were not friends. One example was when Gene blew up at Finny when Finny tried to get him to skip studying and go watch Leper jump from the tree. Finny always seemed to be Genes friend without a doubt but Gene always seemed to have a deep resentment for Finny. This feeling of resentment led him to jounce the tree limb and make Finny fall and shatter his leg. Finny, however, wouldnt believe that Gene would actually make him fall, because he thought their feelings toward each other were equal. When Finny finally realized that Gene betrayed him, he began to run and he fell down a flight of stairs and broke his leg again. In the end, Genes resentment toward Finny led to his death, which surely had a lasting impact on Genes life. The friendship between Gene and Brinker wasnt really a close one like the one with Gene and Finny. Gene and Brinker didnt really become friends until after Finny had gone home to recuperate. There were not many occasions when they show much friendship toward one another. However, when they ended up on the same clean-up squad at the railroad yard, they began to talk quite a bit. When Brinker and Gene returned from cleaning at the railroad yard, they had made the decision to enlist in the war together. Finny had just returned from his recuperation and didnt want his best friend Gene to leave him. This caused problems for Gene and Brinkers relationship. Brinker wa...

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter C used in chemistry and chemical engineering. C - CarbonC - CelsiusC - Coulomb C - CytosineCa - CalciumCA - Cytric AcidCAB - Cation-Anion BalanceCADS - Chemical Agent Detection SystemCAR - Commercial And ResidentialCAS - Chemical Abstracts ServiceCAW - Catalyst Altered WaterCB - Conduction BandCBA - Cytometric Bead ArrayCBR - Chemical, Biological, RadiologicalCBRE - Chemical, Biological, Radiological ElementCBRN - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or NuclearCC - Cubic CentimeterCCBA - Chemical Coordinate Bonding and AdsorptionCCL - Contaminant Candidate ListCCS - Carbon Capture StorageCd - CadmiumCDA - Clean Dry AirCDR - Chemical Distribution RoomCDSL - Chemical Data Summary ListCDU - Chemical Dispensing UnitCe - CeriumCE - Chemical EngineeringCEP - Chemical Engineering ProcessCf - CaliforniumCF - Carbon FiberCF - Ceramic FiberCFA - Cetylated Fatty AcidCFC - ChlorofluorocarbonCFRP - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plasticcg - CentigramCGS - Centimeter, Gram, SecondCHC - Chlorinated HydroCarbonChem - ChemistryCHM - ChemistryCHO - Carbo hydrateCi - CurieCLC - Cross Linked CelluloseCm - Curiumcm - centimeterCML - Chemical Markup LanguageCN - Coordination NumberCN - CyanideCNO - Carbon Nitrogen OxygenCNP - Cyclic Nucleotide PhosphodiesteraseCNT - Carbon NanoTubeCo - CobaltCO - Carbon monoxideCP - Chemically PureCP - Cratine PhosphateCPA - CoPolymer AlloyCPE - Chemical Potential EnergyCr - ChromiumCR - Corrosion ResistantCRAP - Crude Reagent And ProductsCRC - Chemical Rubber CompanyCRT - Cathode Ray TubeCs - CesiumCSAC - Chemical Safety Analysis and ControlCSAD - Cysteine Sulfinic Acid DecarboxylaseCSTR - Continuously Stirred Tank ReactorCu - CopperCVCS - Chemical Volume Control SystemCW - Chemical WarfareCWA - Chemical Warfare Agent

Mental Illness and Incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental Illness and Incarceration - Essay Example The case of Bennie Anthony demonstrates how releasing mentally ill criminals back into society failed to protect the public. In the Anthony case less than one month after being released Anthony set fire to his girlfriend's home. This was not an isolated case and the welfare of the criminal himself needs to be considered. For example, as seen in Reid (2006) Tylor attempted to hang himself while in prison and another inmate attempted suicide seventeen times. Had they not been incarcerated at that time and were, instead, free on the streets, there is a high likelihood that their suicide attempts would have been successful. While some people would argue that mentally ill inmates should not be housed with general population criminals, often within the prison system the two classes of criminals are segregated. The narrator of the New Asylums video stated "In Ohio, mentally ill inmates are separated from the prison's general population and housed in mental health units where they can be treated." Since they are separated they are not interacting with the criminals on a regular or daily basis. This segregation of mentally ill inmates, in effect, ensures the protection of both society and the mentally ill inmates while also treating their illnesses. Additionally, the mentally ill who commit crimes do not have mens rea even though they have actually committed a crime. Incarcerating them may not be the most logical or rational decision but our society has by consensus accepted this practice. One reason could be because society feels it is best for us all to have them locked away and provides for the safety of the inmate himself. As Reid states "the primary job of prison administrators is to administer justice, not treatment" (2006 page number), this is accomplished by locking up the mentally ill. Reid further states "Some people commit crimes while they are not thinking rationally" (2006 page number). These people get punished even when they are not thinking in a rational manner. Although this may be a temporary state of mind, it can be compared to the status of mentally ill criminals and confirms the precedent for incarceration of criminals who are mentally ill or not in a rational state of mind at the time of the offence. Many people feel that our criminal justice system has failed to rehabilitate criminals, whether mentally ill or not. However, Fogel as quoted in Reid states that "the purpose of the prison is to confine for a specified period of time, not to rehabilitate the criminal" (2006 page number). The author feels that this inability or unwillingness to rehabilitate criminals becomes more pronounced and evident when the criminals are mentally ill. Not only is there no rehabilitation but often mental health care is inadequate or non existent. Mental Health Administrator, Bridget Benetis admits that keeping the inmates locked up is not going to do any good for them, but she also sees it as necessary. At the facility they have medication, available psychiatrists, and nurses 24 hours a day. She asserts that they are not going to find that level of care at any other place. Another area of concern is that within the prison system there is a possibility that a person who is not mentally ill can develop mental illnesses while incarcerated due to conditions within the prison

Physical therapy evidence based practice articles Research Paper

Physical therapy evidence based practice articles - Research Paper Example Moreover, the patients were expected to have no pre-existing conditions limiting mobility or contra-indications or balance to TENS. Furthermore, the participants were selected from local community stroke factions and volunteers from the research groups database. Additionally, the participants were expected to be able to give an explicit consent and travel to the study facilities for the necessary testing. The intervention involved a single session of "active TENS" given through a "sock electrode" (frequency between 70-30Hz over a 5s cycle) as well as a course of control treatment (participants wearing the sock electrode lacking stimulation), lasting about two hours in total. There was blinding where all the patients acted as their own control while the randomization followed the order in which the control or TENS was issued thus all participants receiving both stimulation and control conditions. The outcomes reported were obtained from plantar flexor and dorsiflexor strength and proprioception employing an Isokinetic Dynamometer, balance, gait speed and falls risk. The analysis was an exploratory trial to determine the effects of "activeTENS." The study provided initial evidence of the possibility of "activeTENS" to benefit physical function following stroke that merits further second phase trials to improve the intervention. All the patients tolerated "activeTENS" and most of the parameters, advanced throughout stimulation with activeTENS; gait speed (p = 0.002), balance (p = 0.009), proprioception of plantar flexion (p = 0.029) and plantar flexor strength (p = 0.008), except dorsiflexion proprioception (p = 0.078) and dorsiflexor strength (p = 0.194). There was no threat to validity or reliability as the only complaint of leg pain after treatment was resolved the following day. Moreover, the concerns that "activeTENS" could have

International Marketing Communications Plan 03062 Essay

International Marketing Communications Plan 03062 - Essay Example tage comes from its emphasis on social responsibility, ethical trade and delivering value to customers who believe in the same values as The Body Shop. The marketing plan proposes to use these values as a pillar to form the marketing strategy which would be directed towards the younger segment that is prone to adopting new trends early. The Body Shop International was set up by Dame Anita Roddick and sells skin and beauty products. The brand combines activism and marketing to encourage men and women to focus on social and environmental issues. The brand operates in 60 markets worldwide and has more than 2500 stores that work on a franchise based model. They also have the new Hemp Body Care line and The Body Shop at Home line as well. (The Body Shop, 2015) The brand believes in fair trade and has set up its own fair trade program called Community Fair Trade. This program involves 30 suppliers in 20 countries and provides 25,000 people worldwide with income to build their future. The Body Shop also sources its raw materials from their suppliers (The Body Shop, 2015). Since 1994, The Body Shop has helped raise funds and awareness for domestic violence. Since 2004, over 4 million pounds has been donated to partners who prevent, support and protect women and children from domestic abuse (The Body Shop, 2015). Protecting the planet is an important value for the Body Shop. They take full responsibility of their carbon footprint and aim to minimize their impact on the planet. This includes plants to reduce energy consumption and waste generation and change attitudes around the world about ecofriendly products (The Body Shop, 2015). The Body Shop does not face competition from well-known brand names like Mac, Sephora or Chanel because its product offerings and target market is different. In China, the competition comes from brands that originate from Japan or Korea like Missha or the Face Shop. These brands have already established a presence in the Chinese market and

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Example for Free

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Abstract In general, since mankind started translation activities, the study of translation has never ceased. Discussions about translation have become so frequent that various translation theories have been formed gradually in Chinese. In this paper, Habermas’s theory of communicative action reinterpreting the concept of the understanding of translation studies, and Translation to indicate this special form of cross-cultural communication in how to effectively interpret metaphor. Keywords: theory of communicative action; metaphor comprehension; translation 1. Introduction Translation is a metaphor of language as the carrier of the cross-cultural communication activities, but also a language that will carry the message to another language to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass theory of communicative action (Theory of Communication Action) opened the door for people new window. The theory is  swelling in different philosophical ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it understood as the core language, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, social evolution theory as a unified framework. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the concept of translation studies to understand 2. 1 Translation studies in the new way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditional structural linguistics semantic stage to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstruction of the stage, after a lengthy process. Semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the classical theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the understanding of the object is totally dependent on the translators subjective feelings, emphasizing the translators understanding and inspiration, emphasis on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so-called flash in the pan. Because it is too much emphasis on the translators initiative to make this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set off a new upsurge in Translation Studies. People started to pay attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the complicated hidden behind the words of a universal and regularities, as long as it can control the expression of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a target language are stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic content of thought into the preparation of. Obviously, such a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object of the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend. Deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of one dollar to diversify the situation, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, but still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the understanding and exchanges between people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, effective language as medium of intercultural communication activities? I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to find a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator said: The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building understanding is the cornerstone of translation is the first step in the process of translation, not a good understanding of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation. Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. Communicative action in the language, that language, the analysis can be regulated. Each speech acts and statements have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the main statement, in the communication layer between the main body; and vice statement as part of statement, in the main contents of the table between the layers. Part of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, because it limits the relationship between language and the listener, but also the meaning of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The two structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes words that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a secondary position. For example, my phone battery died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that mobile phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioral significance; ? because the battery died, so I just did not pick up the phone; ? I must go recharge; ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS something please call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation; it would serve the purposes of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the original speaker, or intrinsic intentionality is converted to words, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a From the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality. They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of understanding is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be divided into two to look at the presentation layer is the known what on the issue, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem. Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such a clear knowledge and understanding that it can acquire the knowledge; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, mark the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is an implicit awareness of the rules; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules. In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly grasp the inner speech must enter double intentionality level understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the goal is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the two international interdependence consistent with the subjective. It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and the two participants in the process of communication is something the world to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. Metaphors Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodology has the macro guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance? View of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices: either transfer its meaning, or reshape its image, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The Interpretation of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern point of view of science should be in the form of metaphor with the exception, belong to different categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphorical sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually made such a description: Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept; the production of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts. This interaction by mapping the way in the mapping process, belonging to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the final after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts: the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphors inference. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding. Give an example of people often referred to The tongue is a fire , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), tongue by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way: the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in human beings,, important organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ. to the basic meaning of the center, tongue behind the formation of the word meaning a large collection: it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), guiding tongue (rail-oriented switch rail), switch tong (switch to copper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock). The other key words in the speech act of fire, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition; a rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied not flame.  the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), wild fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very warm and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their huge collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationship between the two on the adoption of is, to interact. Is used to denote a equivalents. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows: the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a `is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors. When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or inner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a sympathetic glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and spread such a report will be turned into a stumbling news and rumors, they will more or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble. The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility: the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to reputation or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and heat of fire, destroying things, or even result in death, so that both the destruction of the found a similar function, logical reasoning tenable. The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no shortage of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company lifted the employment relationship, or no one would dare ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid capture by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition. Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made through an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only then can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the preservation of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the target language, or to have the target language  dominance feasibility, as long as it helps the reader to complete the intention of listening comprehension. 3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source completely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to preserve the source language metaphor. such as: Links to Research (1) He is the only foxes. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when they contain cunning in Italy, even listen to the reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can effectively understand the implementation of the partial speech act: be careful of this man, he is cunning. Another example: (2) think tank think tank Think tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This Vehicle can save down. After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimate the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to preserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserve the source language to make the appropriate explanation. Such as: (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete cessation of growth in annual production, what the situation is going to do? Like Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.